MOTIVATION
Motivation is
the set of processes that arouse, direct and maintains human behavior toward
attaining some goal.
Motive means
an inner edge; which directs a person’s behavior. Inner edge can also be
quarreled by another people.
What is the
meaning of motivation?
Motivation is
a reason for actions, willingness, and goals. Motivation is derived from the
word ‘motive’, or a need that requires satisfaction. These needs, wants or
desires may be acquired through influence of culture, society, lifestyle, or
may be generally innate.
Motivation is
the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
Motivation is an important factor that encourages individuals to give their
best performance and help them reach enterprise goals. A strong positive
motivation will enable increased production of employees but a negative
motivation will reduce their performance. A key element in personnel management
is motivation.
Definitions of motivation
1. Berelson and
Steiner: – “A motive is an inner state
that energizes, activates, or moves and directs or channels behaviour goals.”
2. Lillis: – “It is
the stimulation of any emotion or desire operating upon one’s will and
promoting or driving it to action.”
3. The
Encyclopedia of Management: – “Motivation
refers to degree of readiness of an organism to pursue some designated goal and
implies the determination of the nature and locus of the forces, including the
degree of readiness.”
4. Dubin: – “Motivation
is the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization.”
5. Vance: – “Motivation
implies any emotion or desire which so conditions one’s will that the
individual is properly led into action.”
Nature of
motivation
Motivation is
a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a person. A person lacks some
needs, which makes him satisfied that he works more. The need to satisfy the
ego motivates a person to do better in general.
The following
conclusions can be drawn from the definitions given earlier: –
- Motivation is an inner feeling that makes
a person excited to do more work.
- A person’s feelings or desires motivate
him to perform a particular task.
- A person has unsatisfying needs that
impair his balance.
- A person proceeds to fulfill his
dissatisfied needs by conditioning his energies.
- A person has passive energies that are activated by channeling in actions.
Types of
motivation
When a
manager wants to take more work from his subordinates, he has to be motivated
to improve his performance. They will either be offered incentives for more
work, or they may be in place of rewards, better reports, recognition, etc., or
they may instill fear in them or use force to achieve the desired task.
The following
are the types of motivation: –
1. Positive
motivation: –
- Positive motivation is based on reward.
Workers are offered incentives to achieve desired goals. Incentives may be
in the form of higher salaries, promotions, recognition of work, etc.
Employees are offered incentives and seek to improve their performance voluntarily.
- According to Peter Drucker, genuine and
positive motivators are responsible for placement, high levels of
performance, sufficient information for self-control, and worker
involvement as a responsible citizen in the plant community. Positive motivation
comes from the support of employees and they feel happy.
2. Negative
motivation: –
- Negative or fear is based on motivation
or fear. Fear causes employees to act a certain way. In case, they do not
act accordingly then they can be punished with demotion or take-off. Fear
acts as a pushing mechanism. Employees do not cooperate voluntarily;
instead they want to avoid punishment.
- Although employees work to a level where
punishment is avoided, this type of motivation leads to anger and
frustration. This type of motivation usually becomes the cause of
industrial unrest. Despite the drawbacks of negative motivation, this
method is commonly used to achieve desired results. There can hardly be
any management who has not used negative motivation at one time
or another.
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