Concepts and Nature of Management

 

Concepts and Nature of Management

1.     1. Management as a Discipline—Every free branch of knowledge is known as discipline. For ex- fineart, science, law, engineering. In the same way management is also a discipline which studies principle, techniques, functions and problems.

 2.      Management as a Science or An Art

·         Management as a science—Science is a systematic body or the knowledge which is related to the reasons and results. Science is divided into two types of body of systematic knowledge—

1.      Exact science

2.      Inexact science

Exact or natural science includes subject like Physics, Chemistry and deals with physical, material and non-human entities, where predictions are possible after proper testing in labs and in fields. Management can be categorized in science but not the exact science.

 

Inexact science (human behavior) is that systematic knowledge where results are based on and adjusted to specific situation. Management can be put in the category of inexact science because it deals with man and a multiple of factors affecting the man which reacts differently in diff. situations.

The principles and theories of management are driven by the situations as their application may not bring the same result in all the situations

Therefore, management as a science belongs to the class of social science like sociology, political science, psychology etc. which also referred to behavior or exact science.

·         Management as an art—Art teaches the way of application of the theories invented or discovered after analysis. Thus method of work doing a work shows art side of that work. Art is a technique through which desired results are achieved after the application of various theories, principles and cannons (techniques). Therefore, management can be put in the category of art.

3.      Management as a group Effort— For the success of business, it is necessary that all the human and physical resources are coordinated to achieve the maximum level of productivity.

It is well known truth that combine productivity of various resources will always be higher than the total productivity of the resources.

It is classified in 3 catagories—

a)      Family group

b)      Political group

c)      Professional group

4.      Management as a process—It is a process of designing and maintaining an environment in which people working together in a group, efficiently accomplish selected goals.

Important functions of management like POSDC make up the total process of management.

	Input      man, money, material, machine, method
			Output  Production and Services, Productivity, Satisfaction, Information, Stability, Profit, Goodwill

 

                                     Managerial  Process                                  

.                                                                                            

                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                   

                                                                                               

·         More Money ·         More Material ·         More Labour ·         Hitech Method ·         Upgraded Machine

Application Planning, Organizing, Directing, Staffing, Controlling

                                                                                                            

                                                                                                         

                                                                                             

                                                                                                 

           

 

 

 

 

5.      Management as a profession—According to Peter Ducker, “Its essence is in ‘doing’ but not in ‘knowing’, performance is the only government. Every profession is based on a systematic study, curriculum without which the profession can’t be started. Management has its own study curriculum which is based on a whole series of policies, laws and procedure. For ex. MBA which is a profession course based on management.

 

6.      Management is universal—Management is universally accepted as its principles can be applied throughout the organization and throughout the world.

According to Henry Fayol, “Management is a universal process which is achieved equally in every institution whether it is religious, political, social, business or industrial and even government and non-profit making organization/ NGOs.

 

7.      Management is Goal Oriented—Management is applied in the organization owing to some purpose. The main aim of applying management is to provide a platform to achieve the common goal of an organization and this process involve the application of functions of management (POSDC)

 

8.      To get the things done—Management is the art of getting things done through the people and with the people working in an organization. This is done by mutual corporation and the coordination of available work force.

 

9.      Management is an economic organ- Management has contributed to the development of  individual as well as the society. It has provided a no. of articles and methods through industrial upliftment in the country. Full use of available resources, upliftment of economic value, generation of capital and money etc..

 

10.  Management is an intangible skill- management is such type of skill which can neither be touched nor be seen by eyes. We can only feel it. But it can be tested by results of work done.