Function Of Management
A
Function
is a group of similar activities which
are performed by managers at all levels of the organization in order to achieve
organizational objectives.
According
to Harold Koontz and O’ Donnell
–Function
of management is divided into 5 categories –
1) Planning
2) Organizing
3) Staffing
4) Directing
(Leading)
5) Controlling
Planning
·
It is the conscious
determination of future course of action.
·
It involves— why an action,
what action,
how to take action
when to take
action.
·
The imp. aspects of
planning are – defining and establishing objectives, policies, procedure, rules
and regulations, budget, making strategies etc.
·
Plan may be prepared
for—
§ short-term
Period- usually for 1 yr
§ Intermediate
Period- usually 2-5 yrs.
§ Long-term
Period-usually 5 or more yrs.
·
Planning is the first
and most imp. function of management. “Management starts by planning and ends
by control”.
·
Planning means to take
decision, to perform or not to perform any action.
Organizing
|
work |
|
Grouping of duties into position |
|
Convenient Tasks and Duties |
👇
|
Grouping
up of position into department and sec. |
|
Assigning
duties to individual position |
|
Delegating authority to each position |
To achieve the set objective by the planning process, a manager must
break the whole job into small activities and assign these activities
according to the theory of decentralization.
Therefore, Organizing is the process of dividing work into
convenient task or duties, grouping of such duties in the form of
positions, grouping of such duties in the form of positions, grouping
of various positions into departments and sections, assigning duties
to individual positions and delegating authority to each position so
that the work
is carried out as planned.
Staffing
To recruite, to train, to promote, to retire or to transfer the necessary
officers and employees as according to the planning of the
organization.
It involves managing the various
position created by organizing process.
It includes preparing inventory of personal activity and identifying
the gap between manpower required and available, identifying the
source from where people will be selected, selecting people training
and development and fixing financial compensation and appraising
them periodically.
Directing
Direction is an important factor of management. It means “to get
the work done through
people”
Effective supervision and proper guidance is required when
subordinates are put on work
When people are available in the organization, they must know
what they are expected to do in the organization. Superior
manager fulfill this requirement by communicating to
subordinates about their expected behavior.
It includes communicating, leading, motivating and guiding for
achieving the good results.
According to ‘Lawrence A. Appley’- “Management is essentially
getting things done through the efforts of other people”.
Controlling
It means to know that all work are performed according to the
predetermined planning, directives, objectives and principles or
not, if not, what are the reasons? who is responsible? and what are
the methods of improving it?
It involves identification of actual results, comparison of actual
results with expected results as set by planning process.
Identification of deviation between the two, if any, and trying to
take corrective action so that the actual result match with the
expected results.
No comments:
Post a Comment