SOCIAL
SYSTEM APPROACH:-
INTRODUCTION-
This approach of mgt has
extended the implication of human relation approach further. This approach was
introduced by Vilfredo Pareto and his idea were later develop by CHESTER
BARNARD.
MAIN
FEATURES-
1. An
organisation is a social system, a system of cultural relationship.
2. Co-operation
among group member is necessary for achievement for organisational objective.
3. For
effective mgt, efforts should be made for establishing harmony b/w the goals of
organisation and goals various group therein.
4. Relationship
exists among the external and internal environment of the organisation.
Contributions
of Chester Barnard
1. Concept of organisation- He defines organisations as “a system of
consciously co-ordinate activities of two or more persons to achieve the
objectives of the organization”.
2. Formal and informal
organisation.- The formal organisation has
consciously co-ordinated intraction which have a deliberate and common purpose.
The
informal organisation refers to those social interactions which do not have
consciously co-ordinated joint purpose.
These organisation exist to overcome the problems of formal organisation .
Both
the organisation depends on each other. Therefore, in managing organization,
both should be take into account.
3. Elements of
organisation:- According to chester barnard there are 4
elements of an organisation.
a. A
system of departmentalization.
b. A
system of efficient & effective incentives.
c. A
system of power
d. A
system logical of decision making.
4. Acceptance theory of
authority:-
He does not agree with the classical
view that authority transcends from top to bottom .He has given a new concept
of authority which is termed as “acceptance theory of authority” or “bottom to
up theory”. In his opinion a person will accept the orders as being authoritative
only when-
1. He
can understand the orders.
2. He
believe that it is not inconsistent with the organizational purpose
3. He
believes it to be compatible with his personal interest as a whole.
4. He
is mentally & physically able to comply with it.
5. functions of
execution:-
Barnard has identified three types of
function which an executive perform in an formal organisation:-
1. Formulation
& defining organisational purpose.
2. Maintaining
organisational communication through formal interaction.
3. Securing
essential services from individual to achieve the purpose of organisation.
6. Motivating:- Apart from
financial incentives which have their own limitation in motivating people.
Barnard has suggested a no. of non-financial incentives for motivating peoples
like-
1. Opportunity
of power.
2. Pride
of workmanship .
3. Pleasent
organisation.
4. Participation
5. Mutual supportive personal attitude.
6. Feeling
of belongingness.
7. organisational
equilibrium:- Equilibrium of an organisation depends on individuals working in it, other organization,
and the society as a whole. It is achieved when there is simultaneous fulfillment
of requirements of the above three elements i.e individuals, organization and
society. This equilibrium is not static but dynamic because demands &
aspiration of individuals , other organisations & society changes & the
organisation has to cope up with dynamic situation.
8. Executive Effectiveness:- it requires a
high order of responsible leadership which is the most strategic factor in
securing co-operation from the people.
