BUREAUCRACY
Bureaucracy
can be defined as the organizational structure with highly routine operating
task performing under formalized rules and regulation with task assigned for
various departments.
It is an administrative system designed to
accomplish large scale administrative task by systematically coordinating the
work of many individuals working in organization.
Weber
has observed 3 types of power in organization-
1) Traditional
power
2) Charismatic
power
3) Rational-legal
(bureaucratic)
He
has emphasized that Bureaucratic type of power is the ideal one.
Features
1.
Administrative
class –
There is special class of officer called as
bureaucrats who are selected on the basis of their compliances and skills. They
are trained and posted on senior positions. They get salaries and perquisites
normally on the basis of their position. They are selected for the purpose of
employment based on their competence.
2.
Hierarchy –
In
bureaucratic structure, each lower officers in under the supervision of higher
level. it means hierarchy of position in organization. It is a system of
ranking various position in decreasing scale that is from top to bottom of an
organization. It serves as lines of communication and delegation of authority.
3.
Division
of work-
work
of organization is divided on the basis of specialization .Each person job is
divided into simple, routine and will defined job/task. The work of
organization is divided on the basis of specialization to take advantage of
decision of labours.
4.
Official
rules and regulations-
organization frames certain rules and
regulation which all employees have to confirm while conducting task .They have
to be applied in an impersonal manner.
5.
Departmentalization
–
similar tasks are grouped into functional
departments.
6.
Narrow
span of control-
It
states that no single executive should have more people under his guidance. This
is due to the fact that he can supervise employees of his department only.
7.
Record
–
Proper
paper records have to be kept for everything by maintaining files on a day-to-day
basis. This helps in future reforms of past work.
8.
Impersonal
relationships-
There
is no place of personal emotion and favors.
Rules and regulations are for everyone, be it the manager or a clerk.
9.
Rationality –
Judgments
are made in a rational manner according to an objective and prescribed rules
and regulations.
Factors controlling to efficiency :-
ü There
are extensive rules and regulations
which clarify ‘what employees are expected to do” therefore, Thay focus their
attention on this aspect.
ü Decision making
is rational as it is governed by rational factors and not by personal factors
of decision makers , it is regulated within rules and regulations.
ü There
is proper maintainance of official records i.e, employees may
refrain from doing anything wrong.
NOTE: Classical
Theory:
1) Scientific
Management Theory - F.W.Taylor
2) Administration
Theory - Henry Fayol
3) Bureaucratic
Theory - Max Weber
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