Skills of Management/ Managerial skills and Relative Time Spent by Managers at each levels

 

Skills of Management/ Managerial skills

 

In order to perform various mgmt. functions effectively, managers must possess certain skills.

Skills refers to practical ability or expertness in an action or doing something.

According to Robert katz, he has grouped various skills into three catagories.

1)      Technical skills

2)      Human skills

3)      Conceptual skills

 

ü  Technical skills— It refers to the ability to understand the assigned work and to perform the given work with full work ability. It is concerned with what is done and deals with things. These skills pertain to knowledge and proficiency in activities involving methods and procedures. The lower level management must possess technical skills.

 

ü  Human/ Human relation skills—these skills refers to the ability of managers to interact effectively with the customers and staff of an organization. Middle level managers must possess these skills so that they can train a team of efficient worker. Interact with the team of staffs or workers so that they can efficiently complete the work or task of an organization. Human relation skills are ones ability to work effectively with others on person to person basis and to build-up cooperative group relationship within the organization to achieve the organizational objectives.

 

 

ü  Conceptual skills— (General Management Skills) These skills refers to the ability of the managers to forecast, to think new ideas, to plan for fighting problems, to make the procedure rules and regulations of an organization. It is concerned with why a thing is done. These skills also refers to the ability to see the whole picture, to recognize significant elements in a situation and to understand the relationship among these elements. The top level management must possess these skills so that they can deal with competition, abstractions, to set models and to formulate plans.

According to Koontz, Another skills is important to achieve the goals of an organization.

ü  Diagnostic skills—It includes the ability to determine by analysis and examination the nature and circumstances of a particular condition. It is the ability to cut through unimportant aspects and quickly get to the heart of the problem. It is the most difficult one to develop because they required proper blend of analytic with common sense and intelligence to be effective which comes from years and years of experience.

              Top level mgmt 

Middle level mgmt

 

Lower level mgmt.

 

 

 

Relative time spent for each function

                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                  Top Level                                                                                                                                                              

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Middle Level                                

                                         

 

Lower

Level

 

 

 

 

 

Levels of Management or Managerial Levels in an Organization

 

Levels of Management

The levels determines the authority, status, and responsibilities for each and every position. There are three levels of management.

1.      Top level

2.      Middle level

3.      Lower level

 

1)      Top level—They are liable for the overall management , direction and policy framing of the organization like- making policies, procedure, rules and regulations, direction, planning the budget etc. for smooth working of an organization. They required conceptual skills.

 

2)      Middle level—It follows each and every order and direction of top level management. Its aim is to complete daily activities. The area of responsibilities of these officers are very limited. The human relation skills are necessary for these managers.

 

 

3)      Lower level— Supervisors and executives are included in this level. These officers have near contact with the workers or technical staff. All the reports, suggestions, grievances are communicated to the top managers by these management.

ü  They explain the work, procedure to workers.

ü  They initiate planning and communicate report and suggestions to middle or top level management.

ü  They assign & supervise the work of workers.

 

Concepts and Nature of Management

 

Concepts and Nature of Management

1.     1. Management as a Discipline—Every free branch of knowledge is known as discipline. For ex- fineart, science, law, engineering. In the same way management is also a discipline which studies principle, techniques, functions and problems.

 2.      Management as a Science or An Art

·         Management as a science—Science is a systematic body or the knowledge which is related to the reasons and results. Science is divided into two types of body of systematic knowledge—

1.      Exact science

2.      Inexact science

Exact or natural science includes subject like Physics, Chemistry and deals with physical, material and non-human entities, where predictions are possible after proper testing in labs and in fields. Management can be categorized in science but not the exact science.

 

Inexact science (human behavior) is that systematic knowledge where results are based on and adjusted to specific situation. Management can be put in the category of inexact science because it deals with man and a multiple of factors affecting the man which reacts differently in diff. situations.

The principles and theories of management are driven by the situations as their application may not bring the same result in all the situations

Therefore, management as a science belongs to the class of social science like sociology, political science, psychology etc. which also referred to behavior or exact science.

·         Management as an art—Art teaches the way of application of the theories invented or discovered after analysis. Thus method of work doing a work shows art side of that work. Art is a technique through which desired results are achieved after the application of various theories, principles and cannons (techniques). Therefore, management can be put in the category of art.

3.      Management as a group Effort— For the success of business, it is necessary that all the human and physical resources are coordinated to achieve the maximum level of productivity.

It is well known truth that combine productivity of various resources will always be higher than the total productivity of the resources.

It is classified in 3 catagories—

a)      Family group

b)      Political group

c)      Professional group

4.      Management as a process—It is a process of designing and maintaining an environment in which people working together in a group, efficiently accomplish selected goals.

Important functions of management like POSDC make up the total process of management.

	Input      man, money, material, machine, method
			Output  Production and Services, Productivity, Satisfaction, Information, Stability, Profit, Goodwill

 

                                     Managerial  Process                                  

.                                                                                            

                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                   

                                                                                               

·         More Money ·         More Material ·         More Labour ·         Hitech Method ·         Upgraded Machine

Application Planning, Organizing, Directing, Staffing, Controlling

                                                                                                            

                                                                                                         

                                                                                             

                                                                                                 

           

 

 

 

 

5.      Management as a profession—According to Peter Ducker, “Its essence is in ‘doing’ but not in ‘knowing’, performance is the only government. Every profession is based on a systematic study, curriculum without which the profession can’t be started. Management has its own study curriculum which is based on a whole series of policies, laws and procedure. For ex. MBA which is a profession course based on management.

 

6.      Management is universal—Management is universally accepted as its principles can be applied throughout the organization and throughout the world.

According to Henry Fayol, “Management is a universal process which is achieved equally in every institution whether it is religious, political, social, business or industrial and even government and non-profit making organization/ NGOs.

 

7.      Management is Goal Oriented—Management is applied in the organization owing to some purpose. The main aim of applying management is to provide a platform to achieve the common goal of an organization and this process involve the application of functions of management (POSDC)

 

8.      To get the things done—Management is the art of getting things done through the people and with the people working in an organization. This is done by mutual corporation and the coordination of available work force.

 

9.      Management is an economic organ- Management has contributed to the development of  individual as well as the society. It has provided a no. of articles and methods through industrial upliftment in the country. Full use of available resources, upliftment of economic value, generation of capital and money etc..

 

10.  Management is an intangible skill- management is such type of skill which can neither be touched nor be seen by eyes. We can only feel it. But it can be tested by results of work done.