PERCEPTUAL PROCESS
The figure presents 3 basic
sub process or elements of perception
1. Existence
of stimuli
2. Perceptual
mechanism
3. Perceptual
outputs
Perceptual Inputs
Perceptual inputs in the form
of stimuli are necessary for the occurrence of perception. Stimuli may bbe in
the form of objects, events, or people. When the perceiver interacts with a
stimulus, sensation takes place and perceptual process starts.
Perceptual Mechanism
It involves three elements-
1. Selection
of stimuli
2. Organization
of stimuli
3. Interpretation
of stimuli
Selection of stimuli – After
receiving the stimuli from the environment, some some are selected for further
processing while other are screened out.
There are 2 types of factors
which affect selection of stimuli-
a)
External- light waves, sound waves,
mechanical energy or pressure, chemical energy from the object that one can
smell or taste. It is related to stimuli.
b)
Internal- energy generated by
muscles, food passing through digestive system, glands, behavior influencing
hormones. It is related to perceiver.
Organization of stimuli-
Organism receives stimuli through 5 sensory organs- Tasting, smelling, seeing,
hearing and touching. After the stimuli is received, these are organized in
some form in order to make sense out of that. The various forms of organizing
stimuli are-
a)Figure-ground
b)Grouping
c) Simplification
d)Closure
Interpretation of stimuli-
the perceptual inputs that have been organized will have to be interpreted by
the perceiver so that he can sense & extract some meaning of what is going
on in the situation. People interpret what they have selectively perceived and
organize in terms of their own assumption of people, things and situation. They
become judgmental and tend to interpret
things as good/bad, beautiful/ugly and so on. In this process there are chances
of misinterpretation. Interpreting includes-
a)Perceptual
set
b)Attribution
c) Stereotyping
d)Halo
effect
e)Defense
f) Projection
Perceptual Output- on the basis
of perceptual mechanism, perceptual outputs emerges. These outputs may e in the
form of covert action like- development of attitudes, opinions, beliefs,
impression about the stimuli.
These outputs along with other
factors affecting human behavior may result in overt behavior.
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