ATTITUDE
Attitudes are
evaluative statements- either favorable or unfavorable- concerning objects, people
or events.
They reflect how
one feel about something.
Eg:- “ I like my
job”. – I am expressing attitude towards my work or job.
Definition-
‘Attitude is relatively stable set of beliefs, feelings, and behavior intended
towards the perceptual objects, situation and work.
Ø
Evaluative
statement or judgment concerning objects, people or events.
Three stages of Attitude (Components)-
1.
Cognitive- the Opinion or belief segment of an attitude. Ex. The
belief that “Discrimination is wrong” is a value statement.
2.
Affective- The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude and
is reflected in the statement- “I don’t like John because he discriminates against
minorities”.
3.
Conative or Behavioral – An intention to behave in a certain way towards
someone or something. Ex. – I might choose to avoid John because of my feeling
about him.
Attitudes relevant for OB
1. Job
Satisfaction-
It
reflects the extent to which employees find gratification or fulfillment in
their work. It describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an
evaluation of its characteristics.
A
person with high level of job satisfaction holds positive feelings about his or
her job, while a dissatisfied person holds negative feelings.
Factors
affecting Job satisfaction of employees-
a)
Personal
Factors- Employees needs,
aspirations, group etc…
b)
Organizational
Factors- Relationships with coworkers
and superiors, working condition,
work
policies, compensation etc…
2. Job
Involvement-
It
is important for organizational effectiveness. It is the degree to which people identify psychologically with their
jobs and consider their perceived performance level important to self-worth.
High level of job involvement is
positively related to organizational citizenship and job performance.
Therefore,
it is the degree to which employees immerse themselves in their jobs, invest
time & energy in them, & view work as a central part of their overall
lives. Job –Involved employees are likely to believe in the work ethics, to
exhibit high growth needs, and to enjoy participation in decision making. As a
result, they are willing to work long hrs, & they will attempt to be high
performer.
3. Organizational
Commitment-
Ø
Organizational
commitment of employees is a strong force for organizational effectiveness.
Ø
Also
known as employee loyalty to organization. It is the degree to which an
employee identifies with the organization and want to continue actively and
meaningfully participating in it.
Ø
It
is employees willingness to remain with the organization in the future.
Ø
Organizationally
committed employees usually have good attendance, records, demonstrate a
willing adherence to organizational policies & have lower turnover rate.
Ø
It
is the degree to which the employees identifies with a particular organization
& its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization.
Effects of employees Attitudes-
1.
Employee performance- it is higher if the employees have higher level of
job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment.
2.
Employee Turnover- it is the rate of change in the working personnel of
an organization during a specified period. It signifies the extent to which old
employee leave and new employees enter into the service in a given period of
time. Employees having positive attitudes have much lower turnover rate than
those having negative attitude.
3.
Absenteeism & Tardiness- Absenteeism is unauthorized absence from the
workplace while Tardiness is a type of short period absence ranging from a few
minutes to several hrs and it is another
way in which employees physically withdraw from active involvement in the
organization. Negative attitude towards Job satisfaction, Job Involvement and
organizational commitment brings higher level of absence and tardiness.
4.
Violence- it may be verbal or physical aggression at workplace. Employees who
have high job satisfaction, Job involvement and organizational commitment do
not feel frustrated,, the do not tend to involve in violence.
Factors in Attitude Formation
1. Group
Factors-
·
Family
·
Reference
Groups
·
Social
Class
·
Cultural
factors
2. Individual
Factors-
·
Personality
Traits- like locus of control, self-monitoring, self-esteem, high mach &
low mach etc…
·
Perception-
like stereotyping, projection, halo effect etc..
·
Attitude
·
motivation
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